📘 Geography Optional – Paper I (Advanced Series)

Page 34 – Advanced Biogeography (Analytical Focus)

---

Q1. Discuss theories of plant succession with suitable examples. (20 Marks)

• Hydrarch & Xerarch succession
• Clements vs Gleason views
• Climax concept
• Human intervention impact

---

Q2. Examine factors controlling global biome distribution. (20 Marks)

• Temperature & precipitation
• Latitude & altitude
• Soil & human activity
• Climate change influence

---

Q3. Critically evaluate Biodiversity hotspots. (15 Marks)

• Criteria for hotspot
• Western Ghats example
• Threat perception

---

Q4. Explain concept of Ecotone and Edge Effect. (15 Marks)

• Transition zones
• Species diversity increase
• Fragmentation impacts

---

Q5. Assess causes and consequences of deforestation. (15 Marks)

• Agricultural expansion
• Mining & urbanisation
• Carbon cycle disruption

---

Q6. Discuss ecosystem services with examples. (15 Marks)

• Provisioning services
• Regulating services
• Cultural services
• Supporting services

---

Q7. Examine Human–Environment interaction models. (15 Marks)

• Determinism
• Possibilism
• Neo-determinism

---

Q8. Explain causes of species extinction in present era. (15 Marks)

• Habitat loss
• Invasive species
• Climate change
• Pollution

---

Q9. Discuss conservation strategies in India. (15 Marks)

• Protected areas
• Project Tiger
• Community conservation

---

Q10. Write short notes on: (10 Marks)

• Food chain & food web
• Biogeochemical cycles
• Keystone species

---

📊 Page 34 Complete | Total Questions So Far: 340 / 1000