📘 Geography Optional – Paper I

Page 27 – Advanced Climatology & Oceanography

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Q1. Explain Heat Budget of the Earth. (15 Marks)

• Incoming solar radiation (Insolation)
• Albedo effect
• Outgoing terrestrial radiation
• Energy balance concept

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Q2. Discuss Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming. (15 Marks)

• Greenhouse gases
• Enhanced greenhouse effect
• Climate implications

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Q3. Explain Jet Streams and their significance. (10 Marks)

• High-speed upper air winds
• Subtropical & Polar jet
• Influence on weather systems

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Q4. Discuss Monsoon mechanism theories. (15 Marks)

• Thermal theory
• Dynamic theory
• Jet stream theory
• ENSO influence

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Q5. Explain Tropical Cyclones formation. (10 Marks)

• Warm ocean surface
• Coriolis force
• Low-pressure development

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Q6. Discuss Ocean Salinity distribution. (10 Marks)

• Evaporation
• River discharge
• Latitude variation

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Q7. Explain Thermohaline Circulation. (10 Marks)

• Density-driven currents
• Global conveyor belt
• Climate regulation

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Q8. Discuss Coral Reefs and their types. (10 Marks)

• Fringing reefs
• Barrier reefs
• Atolls

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Q9. Explain ENSO phenomenon. (15 Marks)

• El Niño
• La Niña
• Southern Oscillation
• Global climatic impact

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Q10. Evaluate Climate Change mitigation strategies. (15 Marks)

• Renewable energy
• Carbon sequestration
• International agreements
• Adaptation measures

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📊 Page 27 Complete | Total Questions So Far: 270 / 1000