Tuesday, 3 March 2026

 

Geography Optional – Paper II

Page 23 – Environment, Biodiversity & Conservation Policies

Advanced Analytical Questions (Q441–460)


 1. Biodiversity in India

  • Western Ghats & Eastern Himalayas Hotspots
  • Endemic Species
  • Forest Types in India
  • Marine Biodiversity

2. Conservation Policies

  • Wildlife Protection Act
  • Forest Conservation Act
  • National Biodiversity Act
  • Project Tiger & Project Elephant

 3. Environmental Issues

  • Deforestation
  • Land Degradation
  • Air & Water Pollution
  • Human-Wildlife Conflict

 4. Sustainable Environmental Governance

  • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
  • Community Forest Management
  • Eco-Sensitive Zones
  • Climate & Biodiversity Linkages

📘 Model Questions & Answers (Q441–450)

Q441. Analyse biodiversity richness of Western Ghats.
Answer: Western Ghats host high endemism due to varied topography and monsoonal climate, making it a global hotspot.
Q442. Discuss causes of deforestation in India.
Answer: Agricultural expansion, mining, infrastructure and urbanisation drive forest loss.
Q443. Evaluate Wildlife Protection Act effectiveness.
Answer: It strengthened conservation but enforcement challenges remain.
Q444. Analyse land degradation patterns.
Answer: Overgrazing, soil erosion and mining contribute significantly.
Q445. Discuss human-wildlife conflict issues.
Answer: Habitat fragmentation increases encounters between humans and wildlife.
Q446. Evaluate EIA process in India.
Answer: EIA ensures environmental safeguards but faces concerns over transparency.
Q447. Examine marine biodiversity threats.
Answer: Overfishing, pollution and coral bleaching endanger marine ecosystems.
Q448. Discuss role of community forest management.
Answer: Local participation improves conservation outcomes.
Q449. Analyse eco-sensitive zone policy.
Answer: Restricts industrial activities near protected areas to reduce ecological damage.
Q450. Suggest sustainable conservation strategies.
Answer: Integrating livelihood support with biodiversity protection ensures long-term sustainability.

📝 Analytical Short Questions (Q451–460)

  • Q451. Compare biodiversity hotspots in India.
  • Q452. Analyse forest cover trends.
  • Q453. Discuss national parks vs wildlife sanctuaries.
  • Q454. Evaluate pollution control measures.
  • Q455. Examine role of NGOs in conservation.
  • Q456. Analyse climate change impact on biodiversity.
  • Q457. Discuss green energy transition.
  • Q458. Evaluate afforestation programmes.
  • Q459. Examine river pollution issues.
  • Q460. Critically analyse environmental governance in India.

Shaktimatha Learning | Geography Optional – Paper II | Page 23

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