Geography Optional – Paper II
Page 23 – Environment, Biodiversity & Conservation Policies
Advanced Analytical Questions (Q441–460)
1. Biodiversity in India
- Western Ghats & Eastern Himalayas Hotspots
- Endemic Species
- Forest Types in India
- Marine Biodiversity
2. Conservation Policies
- Wildlife Protection Act
- Forest Conservation Act
- National Biodiversity Act
- Project Tiger & Project Elephant
3. Environmental Issues
- Deforestation
- Land Degradation
- Air & Water Pollution
- Human-Wildlife Conflict
4. Sustainable Environmental Governance
- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
- Community Forest Management
- Eco-Sensitive Zones
- Climate & Biodiversity Linkages
📘 Model Questions & Answers (Q441–450)
Q441. Analyse biodiversity richness of Western Ghats.
Answer: Western Ghats host high endemism due to varied topography and monsoonal climate, making it a global hotspot.
Answer: Western Ghats host high endemism due to varied topography and monsoonal climate, making it a global hotspot.
Q442. Discuss causes of deforestation in India.
Answer: Agricultural expansion, mining, infrastructure and urbanisation drive forest loss.
Answer: Agricultural expansion, mining, infrastructure and urbanisation drive forest loss.
Q443. Evaluate Wildlife Protection Act effectiveness.
Answer: It strengthened conservation but enforcement challenges remain.
Answer: It strengthened conservation but enforcement challenges remain.
Q444. Analyse land degradation patterns.
Answer: Overgrazing, soil erosion and mining contribute significantly.
Answer: Overgrazing, soil erosion and mining contribute significantly.
Q445. Discuss human-wildlife conflict issues.
Answer: Habitat fragmentation increases encounters between humans and wildlife.
Answer: Habitat fragmentation increases encounters between humans and wildlife.
Q446. Evaluate EIA process in India.
Answer: EIA ensures environmental safeguards but faces concerns over transparency.
Answer: EIA ensures environmental safeguards but faces concerns over transparency.
Q447. Examine marine biodiversity threats.
Answer: Overfishing, pollution and coral bleaching endanger marine ecosystems.
Answer: Overfishing, pollution and coral bleaching endanger marine ecosystems.
Q448. Discuss role of community forest management.
Answer: Local participation improves conservation outcomes.
Answer: Local participation improves conservation outcomes.
Q449. Analyse eco-sensitive zone policy.
Answer: Restricts industrial activities near protected areas to reduce ecological damage.
Answer: Restricts industrial activities near protected areas to reduce ecological damage.
Q450. Suggest sustainable conservation strategies.
Answer: Integrating livelihood support with biodiversity protection ensures long-term sustainability.
Answer: Integrating livelihood support with biodiversity protection ensures long-term sustainability.
📝 Analytical Short Questions (Q451–460)
- Q451. Compare biodiversity hotspots in India.
- Q452. Analyse forest cover trends.
- Q453. Discuss national parks vs wildlife sanctuaries.
- Q454. Evaluate pollution control measures.
- Q455. Examine role of NGOs in conservation.
- Q456. Analyse climate change impact on biodiversity.
- Q457. Discuss green energy transition.
- Q458. Evaluate afforestation programmes.
- Q459. Examine river pollution issues.
- Q460. Critically analyse environmental governance in India.
Shaktimatha Learning | Geography Optional – Paper II | Page 23
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