Geography Optional – Paper II
Page 12 – Environmental Geography & Sustainable Development
Concept Notes + Model Questions (Q221–240)
1. Environmental Issues in India
- Air Pollution
- Water Pollution
- Soil Degradation
- Deforestation
- Urban Waste Problems
2. Climate Change & India
- Glacier Melting (Himalayas)
- Sea Level Rise
- Extreme Weather Events
- Monsoon Variability
♻ 3. Sustainable Development
- Brundtland Concept
- SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
- Renewable Energy Transition
- Green Economy
4. Conservation Strategies
- National Forest Policy
- Project Tiger
- National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
- Afforestation & Biodiversity Protection
📘 Model Questions & Answers (Q221–230)
Q221. Discuss major environmental problems in India.
Answer: Air pollution, water contamination, soil degradation, deforestation and waste management issues are key environmental challenges.
Answer: Air pollution, water contamination, soil degradation, deforestation and waste management issues are key environmental challenges.
Q222. Explain climate change impact on India.
Answer: Rising temperatures, erratic monsoons, glacier retreat and increased extreme weather events affect agriculture and water resources.
Answer: Rising temperatures, erratic monsoons, glacier retreat and increased extreme weather events affect agriculture and water resources.
Q223. What is sustainable development?
Answer: Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations’ ability to meet theirs.
Answer: Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations’ ability to meet theirs.
Q224. Discuss National Action Plan on Climate Change.
Answer: NAPCC includes missions on solar energy, energy efficiency, sustainable agriculture and water.
Answer: NAPCC includes missions on solar energy, energy efficiency, sustainable agriculture and water.
Q225. Analyse role of renewable energy in sustainability.
Answer: Solar and wind energy reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions.
Answer: Solar and wind energy reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions.
Q226. Explain biodiversity hotspots in India.
Answer: Western Ghats, Himalayas, Indo-Burma and Sundaland are major biodiversity hotspots.
Answer: Western Ghats, Himalayas, Indo-Burma and Sundaland are major biodiversity hotspots.
Q227. Discuss urban environmental issues.
Answer: Rapid urbanization causes air pollution, water scarcity and solid waste problems.
Answer: Rapid urbanization causes air pollution, water scarcity and solid waste problems.
Q228. Explain desertification in India.
Answer: Land degradation due to overgrazing, deforestation and climate change.
Answer: Land degradation due to overgrazing, deforestation and climate change.
Q229. Discuss role of EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment).
Answer: EIA assesses environmental consequences of projects before approval.
Answer: EIA assesses environmental consequences of projects before approval.
Q230. Suggest measures for sustainable urban development.
Answer: Green buildings, public transport, waste recycling and smart city planning.
Answer: Green buildings, public transport, waste recycling and smart city planning.
Short Analytical Questions (Q231–240)
- Q231. Compare mitigation and adaptation strategies.
- Q232. Explain carbon footprint concept.
- Q233. Discuss Paris Agreement relevance.
- Q234. Analyse water conservation strategies.
- Q235. Explain afforestation programmes.
- Q236. Discuss green GDP concept.
- Q237. Evaluate eco-tourism potential.
- Q238. Explain role of NGOs in environmental protection.
- Q239. Discuss sustainable agriculture practices.
- Q240. Analyse role of community participation in conservation.
Shaktimatha Learning | Geography Optional – Paper II | Page 12
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