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UPSC–UPPSC Complete Master Library | GS • Geography • Current Affairs
| Shaktimatha Learning
Geography Optional – Paper II
Page 1 – Physical Setting of India (Physiography)
Model Questions & Answers (Q1–20)
Q1. Explain the major physiographic divisions of India.
Answer: India is divided into six major physiographic divisions: The Himalayan Mountains, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, and Islands. These divisions are based on geological structure, relief, and formation history. Together, they shape India’s climate, drainage, and settlement patterns.
Answer: India is divided into six major physiographic divisions: The Himalayan Mountains, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, and Islands. These divisions are based on geological structure, relief, and formation history. Together, they shape India’s climate, drainage, and settlement patterns.
Q2. Discuss the geological evolution of the Himalayan mountain system.
Answer: The Himalayas were formed due to the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate during the Tertiary period. This tectonic convergence resulted in folding, upliftment, and formation of the youngest fold mountains in the world.
Answer: The Himalayas were formed due to the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate during the Tertiary period. This tectonic convergence resulted in folding, upliftment, and formation of the youngest fold mountains in the world.
Q3. Differentiate between Himadri, Himachal and Shiwalik ranges.
Answer: Himadri (Greater Himalayas) is the highest and most continuous range; Himachal (Lesser Himalayas) consists of valleys and hill stations; Shiwaliks are the outermost foothills formed of unconsolidated sediments.
Answer: Himadri (Greater Himalayas) is the highest and most continuous range; Himachal (Lesser Himalayas) consists of valleys and hill stations; Shiwaliks are the outermost foothills formed of unconsolidated sediments.
Q4. Explain the significance of the Northern Plains.
Answer: Formed by alluvial deposits of Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers, the Northern Plains are agriculturally fertile, densely populated, and economically vital to India.
Answer: Formed by alluvial deposits of Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers, the Northern Plains are agriculturally fertile, densely populated, and economically vital to India.
Q5. Describe the structural features of the Peninsular Plateau.
Answer: The Peninsular Plateau is composed of ancient crystalline rocks. It includes the Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau. It is rich in minerals and stable compared to the Himalayas.
Answer: The Peninsular Plateau is composed of ancient crystalline rocks. It includes the Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau. It is rich in minerals and stable compared to the Himalayas.
Q6. What is the Deccan Trap? Explain its formation.
Answer: The Deccan Trap is a large igneous province formed by volcanic eruptions during the late Cretaceous period, resulting in basaltic lava flows covering large parts of peninsular India.
Answer: The Deccan Trap is a large igneous province formed by volcanic eruptions during the late Cretaceous period, resulting in basaltic lava flows covering large parts of peninsular India.
Q7. Analyse the role of Western Ghats in Indian climate.
Answer: The Western Ghats act as a climatic barrier, intercepting southwest monsoon winds, causing heavy rainfall on the windward side and rain shadow effect in the Deccan interior.
Answer: The Western Ghats act as a climatic barrier, intercepting southwest monsoon winds, causing heavy rainfall on the windward side and rain shadow effect in the Deccan interior.
Q8. Explain the origin of the Indian Desert.
Answer: The Thar Desert formed due to arid climate, continentality, and rain shadow effects. Wind action plays a significant role in shaping its landscape.
Answer: The Thar Desert formed due to arid climate, continentality, and rain shadow effects. Wind action plays a significant role in shaping its landscape.
Q9. Discuss the features of the Coastal Plains of India.
Answer: Divided into Western and Eastern Coastal Plains, they are significant for ports, fisheries, agriculture, and delta formation.
Answer: Divided into Western and Eastern Coastal Plains, they are significant for ports, fisheries, agriculture, and delta formation.
Q10. Explain the formation of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Answer: These islands are part of an underwater mountain chain formed due to subduction of the Indian Plate beneath the Burmese Plate.
Answer: These islands are part of an underwater mountain chain formed due to subduction of the Indian Plate beneath the Burmese Plate.
Short Analytical Questions (Q11–20)
- Q11. Why are Himalayas called young fold mountains?
- Q12. Compare Eastern and Western Ghats.
- Q13. Explain the importance of Indo-Gangetic Plain.
- Q14. Why is Peninsular India tectonically stable?
- Q15. Explain the significance of Aravalli Range.
- Q16. Discuss riverine vs structural landforms in India.
- Q17. Explain plateau erosion features.
- Q18. Describe delta formation in Eastern Coast.
- Q19. Discuss physiography and its role in settlement pattern.
- Q20. Evaluate physiography as a factor in regional planning.
Shaktimatha Learning | Geography Optional – Paper II | Page 1
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