Geography Optional – Paper II

Page 20 – India’s International Borders, Geopolitics & Strategic Corridors

Advanced Analytical Questions (Q381–400)

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 1. India’s International Borders

• India-Pakistan Border (IB & LoC)
• India-China Border (LAC)
• India-Nepal Open Border
• India-Bangladesh Border
• India-Myanmar Border

 2. Border Management Issues

• Infiltration & Cross-Border Terrorism
• Illegal Migration
• Drug & Arms Trafficking
• Smart Fencing & Surveillance

 3. Strategic Corridors & Connectivity

• International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC)
• Chabahar Port Project
• China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
• Act East Policy Connectivity

 4. Indo-Pacific & Geopolitical Dynamics

• Quad Cooperation
• String of Pearls Strategy
• Maritime Security
• Energy Supply Routes

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📘 Model Questions & Answers (Q381–390)

Q381. Analyse challenges along India-China border.
Answer: Undefined LAC, infrastructure race and geopolitical rivalry create periodic tensions.

Q382. Discuss India-Pakistan border issues.
Answer: LoC tensions, infiltration and ceasefire violations remain persistent challenges.

Q383. Evaluate India-Nepal open border implications.
Answer: Promotes cultural ties but raises security and migration concerns.

Q384. Analyse India-Bangladesh border management.
Answer: Fencing and land boundary agreement improved stability but migration issues persist.

Q385. Examine strategic importance of Chabahar Port.
Answer: Provides India access to Central Asia bypassing Pakistan.

Q386. Discuss impact of CPEC on India’s security.
Answer: CPEC passes through PoK, raising sovereignty concerns.

Q387. Analyse Indo-Pacific strategy relevance.
Answer: Aims to ensure free and open maritime routes amid rising Chinese influence.

Q388. Evaluate INSTC project.
Answer: Enhances trade connectivity between India, Russia and Europe.

Q389. Discuss String of Pearls theory.
Answer: Refers to Chinese strategic ports around Indian Ocean perceived as encirclement.

Q390. Suggest measures for effective border management.
Answer: Infrastructure strengthening, diplomacy and technological surveillance.

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📝 Analytical Short Questions (Q391–400)

• Q391. Explain Line of Control vs International Border.
• Q392. Analyse India-Myanmar connectivity projects.
• Q393. Discuss Kaladan Multi-Modal Project.
• Q394. Evaluate role of Quad in Indo-Pacific.
• Q395. Examine maritime chokepoints significance.
• Q396. Analyse border area development programmes.
• Q397. Discuss geopolitical importance of Indian Ocean.
• Q398. Evaluate energy security and sea routes.
• Q399. Analyse India’s neighbourhood first policy.
• Q400. Critically examine India’s geopolitical strategy in South Asia.

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Shaktimatha Learning | Geography Optional – Paper II | Page 20