Geography Optional – Paper II
Page 7 – Indian Agriculture & Cropping Patterns
Concept Notes + Model Questions (Q121–140)
🌾 1. Types of Cropping Seasons
- Kharif Crops – Rice, Cotton, Maize
- Rabi Crops – Wheat, Barley, Mustard
- Zaid Crops – Watermelon, Muskmelon
2. Cropping Patterns in India
- Subsistence Farming
- Commercial Farming
- Plantation Agriculture
- Mixed Farming
- Shifting Cultivation
3. Factors Affecting Agriculture
- Monsoon Dependence
- Soil Fertility
- Irrigation Facilities
- Technology & HYV Seeds
- Government Policies (MSP, Subsidies)
4. Agricultural Issues
- Fragmented Landholdings
- Low Productivity
- Climate Change Impact
- Farmer Distress
- Groundwater Depletion
📘 Model Questions & Answers (Q121–130)
Q121. Classify cropping seasons in India.
Answer: Cropping seasons include Kharif (monsoon), Rabi (winter) and Zaid (summer crops).
Answer: Cropping seasons include Kharif (monsoon), Rabi (winter) and Zaid (summer crops).
Q122. Explain Green Revolution impact.
Answer: Increased food grain production through HYV seeds, irrigation, fertilizers but led to regional imbalance.
Answer: Increased food grain production through HYV seeds, irrigation, fertilizers but led to regional imbalance.
Q123. Discuss regional cropping patterns in India.
Answer: Rice dominates eastern India, wheat in northwest, millets in Deccan, tea in Assam, coffee in Karnataka.
Answer: Rice dominates eastern India, wheat in northwest, millets in Deccan, tea in Assam, coffee in Karnataka.
Q124. Explain plantation agriculture.
Answer: Large-scale farming of crops like tea, coffee, rubber using capital-intensive methods.
Answer: Large-scale farming of crops like tea, coffee, rubber using capital-intensive methods.
Q125. Analyse problems of Indian agriculture.
Answer: Monsoon dependence, small landholdings, poor infrastructure and climate risks.
Answer: Monsoon dependence, small landholdings, poor infrastructure and climate risks.
Q126. What is crop diversification?
Answer: Shift from single crop dominance to multiple crops to reduce risk and improve income.
Answer: Shift from single crop dominance to multiple crops to reduce risk and improve income.
Q127. Discuss role of irrigation in agriculture.
Answer: Irrigation reduces monsoon dependency and improves crop yield stability.
Answer: Irrigation reduces monsoon dependency and improves crop yield stability.
Q128. Explain MSP significance.
Answer: MSP ensures minimum support price to farmers and protects them from price fluctuations.
Answer: MSP ensures minimum support price to farmers and protects them from price fluctuations.
Q129. What are agro-climatic zones?
Answer: Regions classified based on climate, soil and water resources for planning agriculture.
Answer: Regions classified based on climate, soil and water resources for planning agriculture.
Q130. Evaluate impact of climate change on agriculture.
Answer: Erratic rainfall, heat stress, pest attacks and yield reduction are major impacts.
Answer: Erratic rainfall, heat stress, pest attacks and yield reduction are major impacts.
Short Analytical Questions (Q131–140)
- Q131. Compare subsistence and commercial farming.
- Q132. Explain shifting cultivation in North-East.
- Q133. Discuss food security in India.
- Q134. Explain white revolution.
- Q135. Analyse groundwater crisis in Punjab.
- Q136. Explain crop rotation benefits.
- Q137. Discuss organic farming trends.
- Q138. What is precision agriculture?
- Q139. Analyse rural credit system.
- Q140. Suggest reforms for sustainable agriculture.
Shaktimatha Learning | Geography Optional – Paper II | Page 7
No comments:
Post a Comment